Consistenly On Diet

Diet is the amount of food consumed by a person. Diet is intended for people who want to lose weight or regulate certain portions of nutrients. A balanced diet will provide adequate nutrition needed by our body, so that our body will function properly. But, this is a challenge that is difficult to solve by most people in the world. A passion and commitment is the main thing in the diet. A lot of temptation when we go on a diet. Some can cause us to fail on a diet like staying up late, eat too fast, drink less water, and be tempted by food. This can lead to diet failure and our diet becomes inconsistent.  There are also many solution for a diet to be consistent, like reading or watching successful people on diet, bringing dietary food from home, and changes your mindset.

            First solution, reading or watching successful people on diet. This is to make you motivated. Watching or reading this makes you passion for diet. You can also get more information and knowledge about diet. When you see others successfully people on diet, health, and have and ideal body, you will feel you also want to be like them and be consistent with your diet program.

            Second solution, bringing dietary food from home. This makes you not going to eat outside and be temted by unhealthy food. It’s very difficult to find diet food, so you better bring it from home. Food brought from home is healthier and certainly helps you to be consistent with your food.

            Third solution, changes your mindset. This is the most important thing, because everything starts from your mind. You must change your mind about what you want from this diet. Change your mind that this diet is not only for weight loss, but this is for your good life, for your health, and for staying young. So you are consistent with your diet. If you think that this diet is only for weight loss, then hen you lose weight you will stop diet. Eventually you will regain your weight and go on a diet again.

            Diet is not only for weight loss but also for health. But the diet must also be in the right way. Watch and read a lot, prepare your own food, and instill in yourself that this diet is good for your health. Consistent in diet is difficult but many solutions can be done. So that your diet will be succssesful.

Jessyifa Fadillah
1830911002

========================================================================

Consistenly on Diet

Diet is the amount of food consumed by a person. Diet is intended for people who want to lose weight or regulate certain portions of nutrients. A balanced diet will provide adequate nutrition needed by our body, so that our body will function properly. But, this is a challenge that is difficult to solve by most people in the world. A passion and commitment is the main thing in diet. A lot of temptation when we go on a diet. Some can cause us to fail on a diet like staying up late, eat too fast, drink less water, and be tempted by food. This can lead to diet failure and our diet becomes inconsistent.  There are also many solution for a diet to be consistent, like reading or watching successful people on diet, bringing dietary food from home, and changes your mindset.

            First solution, reading or watching successful people on diet. This is make you motivated. Watching or reading this makes you passion for diet. You can also get more information and knowledge about diet. When you see others successfully people on diet, health, and have and ideal body, you will feel you also want to be like them and be consistent with your diet program. Motivation like this is very important so you focus on your diet.

            Second solution, bringing dietary food from home. This makes you not going to eat outside and be temted by unhealthy food. It’s very difficult to find diet food, so you better bring it from home. Food brought from home is healthier and certainly helps you to be consistent with your food. You can also adjust the amount of calories you need. You will stay healthy even though the diet is very strict and bringing food from home can help your diet.

            Third solution, changes your mindset. This is the most important thing, because everything starts from your mind. You must change your mind about what you want from this diet. Change your mind that this diet is not only for weight loss, but this is for your good life, for your health, and for staying young. So you are consistent with your diet. If you think that this diet is only for weight loss, then when you lose weight you will stop diet. Eventually you will regain your weight and go on a diet again. Diet is not only about losing weight but also maintaining food so that we stay healthy.

            Dieting is not easy, many temptations that we must pass. Enjoy the process of your diet now and you will feel the results in the future. Watch and read a lot about diet so you won’t gone a wrong diet. If you gone wrong on diet it will be bad for your body. If necessary, visit a doctor and discuss what diet is suitable for your body. Prepare your own food, because food outside is not healthy and bad for dieting. Make your own meal and you can bring food according to the calories you need. Instill in yourself that this diet is good for your health. Consistent in diet is difficult but many solutions can be done. So that your diet will be succssesful. Enjoy your diet and don't forget to do regular exercise.

Jessyifa Fadillah
1830911002

Problem and Solution Essay (Alvine Labana R.)

How to overcome the Laziness

            Laziness is one of the biggest enemies for the humankind. It implies as an unwillingness to work and use energy that happened to everyone. This bad habit lead us to neglect our job or task and lie down or relaxing instead. It affect our daily activities, because we always decide to do everything later. The laziness can affect our health as well, if we fell to the lazy habit it will make us think that exercise isn’t important and it make our body insufficient of exercise. It gave us a comfy feeling and frustrating at the same time. Lying in the bed while we have something important to do is not really comfortable. There are several solution to overcome the laziness habit : do everything at the time, do exercise, and enjoy the lazy time.

            First, do everything at the time. Don’t do the work or activities later, force ourselves to do it at the time. In order to overcome our laziness, we have to force and motivate ourselves. Throw away the mindset “I can do it later”, that mindset is wrong in every way and it will lead us to lazy benefit sooner or later. The more we suspending our work the more we will get lazier to finish it. Another work will came in no time and it make our days worse. Just think about the benefit if we do everything at the time. If we finished our job at the time, we will have time to relax and do our hobbies. Keep up with this habit will make us less lazy and make our work and activities more efficient.

            Second, do exercise. We have to force and motivate ourselves to do the exercise. Consistently doing exercise will make us want to do more exercise in the free time. It’s a bit hard for lazy person, so don’t rush everything. Do the exercise step by step , do it with the most suitable pace for ourselves. For examples, start it with exercising 15 minutes and add some more time after we accustomed with our exercising habit. Consistency is the key to do this, to keep our consistency we have to think about the benefit. Exercising is really good for physically and mentally health. The more we exercise the more healthy we are, and the more healthy we are the more stamina we had. A ton of stamina will help us to do a lot of work or activities more efficiently. The person with a ton of stamina have to something to spend their stamina and keep the distance from a relaxing or lazy place like sofa or bed.

            Third, enjoy the lazy time. We should give reward for ourselves after finished all work, take a time to stop and relax a bit. It’s okay to do some lazy thing like relaxing our body in sofa, take a nap in the afternoon, and watching a movie in the bed room. Making our mind relax and prevent it from stressed is a good thing to do. Just enjoy the precious lazy time in the spare time, but don’t do it too much or too long. When we fully enjoy our lazy time, we will get more motivated to go back to work again later. Make sure to appreciate the precious lazy time rightfully and don’t get carried away.

             In summary, we have to control our laziness by forcing ourselves to do everything at the time and do the exercise then give ourselves the reward. In order to make our life more efficient and healthy we have to overcome the laziness habit. We can control our laziness with consistency that came from ourselves. Control the laziness, don’t let it control us.

Name         : Alvine Labana R.

Student ID : 1830911039

Revisi I

=======================================================================

How to overcome the Laziness

           Laziness is one of the biggest enemies for the humankind. It imply as an unwillingness to work and use energy that happened to everyone. This bad habit lead us to negclect our job or task and lie down or relaxing instead. It affect our daily activities so much, because we always decide to do everything later. The laziness can affect our health as well, if we fell to the lazy habit it will make us think that exercise isn’t important and it make our body insufficient of exercise. It gave us a comfy feeling and frustrating at the same time. Lying in the bed while we have something important to do is not really comfortable. There are several solution to overcome the laziness habit.

            First, do everything at the time. Don’t do the work or activities later, force ourselves to do it at the time. In order to overcome our laziness, we have to force and motivate ourselves. Throw away the mindset “I can do it later”, that mindset is wrong in every way. The more we suspending our work the more we will get lazier to finish it. Just think about the benefit if we do everything at the time. If we finished our job at the time, we will have time to relax and do our hobbies. Keep up with this habit will make us less lazy and make our work and activities more efficient.

            Second, do exercise. We have to force and motivate ourselves to do the exercise. Consistently doing exercise will make us want to do more exercise in the free time. It’s a bit hard for lazy person, so don’t rush everything. Do the exercise step by step , do it with the most suitable pace for ourselves. For examples, start it with exercising 15 minutes and add some more time after we accustomed with our exercising habit. Consistency is the key to do this, to keep our consistency we have to think about the benefit. Exercising is really good for our body. The more we exercise the more healthy we are and the more healthy we are the more stamina we had. A ton of stamina will help us to do a lot of work or activities. The person with a ton of stamina have to something to spend their stamina and keep the distance from a relaxing place like sofa or bed.

            Third, enjoy the lazy time. We should give reward for ourselves after finished all work,  take a time to stop and relax a bit. It’s okay to do some lazy thing like relaxing our body in sofa, take a nap in the afternoon, and watching a movie in the bed room. It’s good to make our mind relax and prevent it from stressed. Just enjoy the precious lazy time in the spare time, but don’t do it too much or too long. When we fully enjoy our lazy time, we will get more motivated to go back to work again later. Make sure to appreciate the lazy time rightfully.

             In summary, we have to control our laziness by forcing ourselves to do everything at the time and do the exercise then give ourselves the reward. In order to make our life more efficient and healthy we have to overcome the laziness habit. We can control our laziness with consistency that came from ourselves. Control the laziness, don’t let it control us.

Name         : Alvine Labana R

Student ID : 1830911039

Compare and contrast about place to learn in sukabumi

Name : Torha Banda
NIM : 1830911036

    Last year it was very difficult for me to choose a university to study. There are two
options for me. The first choices is Study at university in Thailand. And the second choices is study at a foreign university. In which these two choices made me a very difficult decision.
Because I think that this decision is very important If comparing education in Thailand and studying abroad, there are many differences Such as living in a foreign country, food, weather, etc. Until I thought and decided that it would be a good opportunity if I came to study in
Indonesia. And finally I became a student in Muhammadiyah of Sukabumi university.

Most universities in Thailand do not focus on religion, that is, if I choose to study
religion. I would not have learned about foreign languages. But the education of the university in Indonesia, regardless of the country's zone, will also focus on religion. And I also felt that I made the right decision to study in Sukabumi.

About the differences in food between Thailand and Sukabumi I don't think there are
any differences. The food in Thailand has a spicy and sour taste. In Sukabumi, the taste is sweet but also spicy.But myself I like food that is salty and spicy. Anyway, I can now eat the food of Sukabumi city.

Weather between Thailand and Sucabumi Is quite the same In Thailand, if it is during the day, it will be hot. The same applies to Sucabumi. And in the night there will be quite cool Weather But both will have different rainy seasons.

The obvious difference between all is the language used in daily communication.
Thailand has its own language, but Thai language is divided into regions such as southern language, central language, northeastern language. All of these will have different accents of
speech. Like Indonesia, whose languages are divided into many languages such as Javanes,
Sundaese,etc.

And finally, I came to stay in Sukhumi Becoming a student at this university, I got a
great experience to meet new things that I could not meet in Thailand. However, I have learned
to live more religiously if I was thinking of going to university in Thailand.

Between City and Regency of Sukabumi

Between City and Regency of Sukabumi

            Sukabumi is a region in West Java. This region is one of the regions with smallest area in West Java. Sukabumi is divided into two regions that is Sukabumi City and Sukabumi Regency. Sukabumi is located 120 km south of Jakarta and 96 km west of Bandung. Sukabumi has a very beauiful nature. Sukabumi city and Sukabumi regency have a different beuty, government, education, social, dan destination.

            Sukabumi city area is 48,42 km² and Sukabumi regency is 4.161,00 km², the border between Sukabumi city and Sukabumi regency consisting in the southern part is Nyalindung, the wetern part is Cisaat, and the estern part is Sukaraja. Sukabumi city consists of 7 districts and 33 village and in Sukabumi regency consists of 47 districts, and 381 village. Sukabumi city headed by the mayor of city, and Sukabumi regency headed by the district head.

            In Sukabumi city several universities have been established and more than the number in Sukabumi regency, in 2010 in Sukabumi city there were 56 pre-primary schools, 35 elementary schools, 35 middle schools, 16 high schools, and 21 vocanational schools which include public and private schools. In Sukabumi regency also have several untiversities, 1.214 elementary schools, 344 middle schools, 81 high schools, 162 vocanational schools which include public and private schools. Because the area of Sukabumi regency is wider then the total of schools is more than the city.

            Population development in Sukabumi city is increasing, more that 340.756 residents in Sukabumi city. Population development in Sukabumi regency is more 2,434 million, this shows taht Sukabumi regency is much wider than Sukabumi city. Most of the residents of Sukabumi city are trading, while the residents of Sukabumi city are trading, farming, fisherman, and managing tourist attraction.

            Sukabumi is a tourist area, many destinations can be visited in Sukabumi, both natural or artificial tourism. We can find many natural destinations in Sukabumi regency. We can find beach, mountain view, waterfall, and many more. In Sukabumy city we can also find the destination, but not a natural destination there, we can find waterpark, game centre, and restaurants and cafes that have unique designs.

            Many differences between Sukabumi city and Sukabumi regency. Sukabumi city might have good quality education and also have a lot of colleges, and Sukabumi regency have a lot of nature destinations that very beautiful. In each region must have their respective advantages. If asked where I prefer to live, I prefer live in Sukabumi Regency, because I am closer to nature and far from city noise.

Jessyifa Fadillah
1830911002

========================================================================
Revisi I

Between City and Regency of Sukabumi

            Sukabumi is a region in West Java. This region is one of the regions with biggest area in island of Java-Bali. Sukabumi is divided into two regions that is Sukabumi City and Sukabumi regency. Sukabumi is located 120 km south of Jakarta and 96 km west of Bandung. Sukabumi has a very beauiful nature. Between Sukabumi city and Sukabumi regency have a different beuty, government, education, social, dan destination.

            Sukabumi city area is 48,42 km² and Sukabumi regency is 4.161,00 km². Sukabumi regency is clearly wider than Sukabumi City. Sukabumi Regency is the largest area on the island of Java-Bali. The border between Sukabumi city and Sukabumi regency consisting in the southern part is Nyalindung, the western part is Cisaat, and the estern part is Sukaraja. Sukabumi city consists of 7 districts and 33 village and in Sukabumi regency consists of 47 districts, and 381 village. Sukabumi city headed by the mayor of city, and Sukabumi regency headed by the district head.

            In Sukabumi city several universities have been established and more than the number in Sukabumi regency, in 2010 in Sukabumi city there were 56 pre-primary schools, 35 elementary schools, 35 middle schools, 16 high schools, and 21 vocanational schools which include public and private schools. In Sukabumi regency also have several untiversities, 1.214 elementary schools, 344 middle schools, 81 high schools, 162 vocanational schools which include public and private schools. Because the area of Sukabumi regency is wider then the total of schools is more than the city.

            Population development in Sukabumi city is increasing, more that 340.756 residents in Sukabumi city. Population development in Sukabumi regency is more 2,434 million, this shows that Sukabumi regency is much wider than Sukabumi city. Most of the residents of Sukabumi city are trading, while the residents of Sukabumi city are trading, farming, fisherman, and managing tourist attraction.

            Sukabumi is a tourist area, many destinations can be visited in Sukabumi, both natural or artificial tourism. We can find many natural destinations in Sukabumi regency. We can find beach, mountain view, waterfall, and many more. In Sukabumy city we can also find the destination, but not a natural destination there, we can find waterpark, game centre, and restaurants and cafes that have unique designs.

            Many differences between Sukabumi city and Sukabumi regency. Sukabumi city might have good quality education and also have a lot of colleges, and Sukabumi regency have a lot of nature destinations that very beautiful. In each region must have their respective advantages. If asked where I prefer to live, I prefer live in Sukabumi Regency, because I am closer to nature and far from city noise.

Compare and Contrast Essay (Alvine Labana R.)

Japanese Mochi vs Sukabumi's Mochi

           Mochi is one of the most popular snacks in Sukabumi. It’s really popular on Sukabumi and also on its original, Japan. Mochi came from Japan, and it’s exist since centuries ago. Although it’s not originally from Sukabumi, it has been a part of Sukabumi since the era of Japanese colonialism. Some of people say that the Japanese soldier introduced the Mochi to the Indonesian in the Japanese colonialism era. Passed from generation to generation, Sukabumi’s Mochi still exist until now like the original Japanese Mochi. If we compare both of these Mochi, we can find several differences between Japanese Mochi and Sukabumi’s Mochi.

            These Mochi are made from similar ingredients, but they have a differences on the additional flavor. In Japanese Mochi, they usually add Anko (red bean paste) inside. Besides, there are some more variant to fill the Mochi inside. The Japanese use some kind of fruit as addition or alternate Anko like strawberry, melon, and orange. In the modern era, ice cream, matcha, pudding, and even coffee are used as the filling of the Mochi. Unlike the Japanese one, Sukabumi’s Mochi has a different way to add another flavor. They added the flavor to the glutinous rice and keep the sweet bean paste as the filling. Chocolate, cheese, durian, and vanilla are some of variant that Sukabumi’s Mochi had. There are some modern flavor like Moccachino, Tiramisu, Ovomaltine and Oreo as well.

            Japan and Sukabumi both offer a unique packaging to the buyer. Japanese Mochi usually packaged in a paper box or plastic bag. They make it very colorful and fascinating. We can find a box or a bag of Mochi with variant flavor and numbers in Mochi store or even the super market. Whereas, Sukabumi’s Mochi served in a bamboo woven box covered in a piece of paper. It usually contain about ten Mochi in every box. The seller usually stack up four until five box and tie it up before they sell it. Some seller served it in a paper box but the bamboo woven box is characteristic of Sukabumi’s Mochi. We can buy a box of Mochi in a gift store or some seller will approach us and offer some box of Mochi while we visit a crowded place like train station, bus station, traditional market, etc.

            There are special day to eat Mochi. In Japan, when the new year has come, everyone will celebrated Mochitsuki (Making Mochi), the pounding of glutinous rice to make mochi. The Japanese has been celebrating this event since Heian period (794-1185). In this festival, Mochi was actually eaten in hopes that it would make our teeth and stronger for the new year because Mochi that was set out as an offering was a bit hard to eat. On the other hand, Sukabumi doesn’t have a special day to eat Mochi. Sukabumi’s Mochi is still a good choice for a gift after visiting Sukabumi in holiday, even though there are no Mochi day in Indonesia.

            As shown above, there are three slight differences of Japanese Mochi and Sukabumi’s Mochi. Both Mochi are good snacks to eat with a unique thing. Variant of flavor between these two make their taste rich, the packaging is good and Mochitsuki is interesting. It’s hard to choose which one is better, but some people say the original is always better. It depend on our tongue, some people will choose the original and some people prefer the Sukabumi’s one.


Name : Alvine Labana R.
NIM    : 1830911039

Mid Test Causes and Effects (Gilang Rizky Rachmatulloh)

Revisi I

Angklung as a Cultural Heritage

If we are talking about Angklung, of course it cannot be separated from the area of West Java. This multi-tonal or double-pitched instrument is developing in Sundanese society. In the past Sundanese tradition, angklung instruments actually have a religious ritual function to invite Dewi Sri (Goddess of rice as a symbol of prosperity) to come down to earth and provide fertility to rice. The spread of Angklung is wide and spread out of Sundanese culture. One of the famous Angklung performances in the orchestra is at the Asian-African Conference in Bandung in 1955. UNESCO established angklung as a World Cultural Heritage on November 18, 2010. In addition, UNESCO strongly recommends Indonesia to always maintain and preserve its works and cultural heritage. Although there are many modern musical instruments there, it does not make Angklung lose its existence in the music world. Even UNESCO included Angklung as the Great Work of Cultural Heritage since 2010. There are several reasons that proves Angklung is not only famous in Indonesia but also throughout the world.

Angklung has many traditions, customs, types, beliefs, practises, and values. Angklung has different traditions in their own essence. Culture is the identity of a group of people living in specific place,  they have their own sketch of life what the culture says they followed at. Culture is growing which includes Angklung itself, the achievements of the past and present and makes provision for the future achievements of mankind. Culture is the result of past and present changes that occurs on it, and thus it absorb the changes itself and the culture is become the result of past and present experiences and the process continue to next generation and so on. The traditions can came from their ancestors and people who are continue doing it. Other people didn't like to continue their own traditions and adapted the customs from others cultures. Culture has a great importance. Culture is the identity of the nation, without culture the society is will not work as it be. As a country which rich in culture, it means that Indonesia is a country where the people with a sense of beauty in life. Culture also teach us to think for the nation not to think for theirself. Angklung is one culture that must be preserved, it known as a multi-tonal musical instrument that has developed with the Sundanese people of West Java and is an art in performance. Angklung is one of the national heritages that must be maintained and preserved by the Indonesian people itselfs.

There are two figures who were participated in the preservation of Angklung, their name is Daeng Soetisna and Udjo Ngalagena. Daeng Soetisna is known as “Bapak Angklung Diatonis Kromatis”, while Udjo Ngalagena developed a game technique based on the pelog and salendro barrels. In 1938, Daeng Soetigna created angklung based on diatonic scales, instead of using traditional pélog or saléndro scales. Angklung has been used for educational and entertainment purposes, and can even be played together with Western musical instruments in the orchestra. Since then, the popularity of this instrument has increased. Education also play important role in building a cultural society. Education is the basic need of human. Without education humanity will not growing, therefore almost all the cultures gives importance to education and they possess only education for their success. Then, his student Daeng Soetisna, Udjo Ngalagena continue to preserve his teacher's findings by establishing Saung Angklung Udjo in Bandung. Udjo Ngalagena, known as a figure who developed the angklung technique, teaches people how to play angklung.  He also built Saung Angklung Udjo in Bandung for more people would know the history of angklung and its identity.  And now Saung Angklung Udjo is one of the tourist attractions in Bandung where the visitors can see for theirselves the process of making an angklung to the stage action that is staged every week.

Daeng Soetigna first transform Indonesian Angklung from traditional pentatonic tone scale, and it become the "Diantonis" "Kromatis" Tone Scale. The function of the Angklung is for education and entertainment purposes. The development Daeng Soetigna Angklung in the late 60’s, have two different effect. In one side, it increase the appreciation of people on angklung. But in other hand, it slowly reduce the growth of traditional angklung. Udjo Ngalagena developed new style of pentatonic traditional angklung and also develop a new tone scale in angklung called madenda. It enrich the traditional tone scale. Nowadays, Sundanese Angklung tone scale is not only be played in pelog and salendro, but it also in madenda. Udjo’s innovation on traditional angklung become one of the solution in preserving the traditional Sundanese Angklung.

Angklung has attracted a lot of attentions through the world. In 1955, Asian-African conference located in Bandung made an orchestra Angklung performance. Udjo Ngalagena, a student of Daeng Soetigna, then opened the "Saung Angklung" (Angklung House) in 1966 as a center for Angklung development. In 2008 there were 11.000 angklung players in Jakarta and 5.000 angklung players in Washington DC and broke the latest record at that time. Since November 2010, UNESCO has recorded angklung as the Great Work of Cultural Heritage. At the April 2015 Asia-Africa Conference (KAA), 20.704 people gathered together at the Siliwangi Stadium in Bandung to play the songs "I Will Survive" and "We Are The World" using angklung instruments. 4.117 of them are children with special needs. Angklung history has changed from what was previously only played in theSundanese area now the whole world is familiar with angklung music.

As for my statement, Angklung is a cultural world heritage that must be preserved, especially by Indonesian people itself. Angklung must be protected and known to the young generation because nowadays culture rarely be recognized by the younger generation. We can protect the heritage from our ancestor in many ways. Learn the culture, whether it's just to know or participate in practising it in our lives. Teaching the culture to the next generation so that culture it's not disappered and can still survive. Love your own culture without degrading and harassing other people’s culture. We should be preserved and introduce it to the young generation so that the heritage won't be extinct.

Angklung as a Cultural Heritage

Speaking of angklung, of course it cannot be separated from the area of West Java. This multi-tonal or double-pitched instrument is developing in Sundanese society. In the past Sundanese tradition, angklung instruments actually have a religious ritual function - to invite Dewi Sri (Goddess of rice as a symbol of prosperity) to come down to earth and provide fertility to rice.The spread of Angklung is widespread and spread out of Sundanese culture. One of the famous Angklung performances in the orchestra was at the Asian-African Conference in Bandung in 1955. UNESCO established angklung as World Cultural Heritage on November 18, 2010. In addition, UNESCO strongly recommends Indonesia to always maintain and preserve its works and cultural heritage. Although there are many modern musical instruments there, it does not make Angklung lose its existence in the music world. Even UNESCO included Angklung as the Great Work of Cultural Heritage of Man since 2010. There are several reason that proves Angklung is not only famous in Indonesia but also throughout the world.

Angklung have many traditions, customs, types, beliefs, practices, and values. Angklung can have different traditions in their own essence. Culture is the identity of a group of people living in specific place; they have their own sketch of life what the culture says they follow that. Culture is growing whole which includes in itself, the achievements of the past and present and makes provision for the future achievements of mankind. Culture is the result of past and present changes that occur in it, and thus it absorb that changes in itself and the culture become the result of past and present experiences and the process continue to next generation and so on. The traditions can came from their ancestors and people continue doing them. Other people does not like continue their own traditions and adapt others customs from others cultures. Culture has great importance. Culture is the identity of the nation, without culture the society is impossible. As a country rich in culture, it means that Indonesia is a country where people with a sense of beauty in life. Culture teach us to think for the whole nation not individually. Angklung is one culture that must be preserved. Known as a multi-tonal musical instrument that has developed with the Sundanese people of West Java and is an art in performance. Angklung is one of the national heritages that must be maintained and preserved by the Indonesian people themselves.

There are two figures who were participated in the preservation of Angklung, named Daeng Soetisna and Udjo Ngalagena. Daeng Soetisna is known as “Bapak Angklung Diatonis Kromatis”, while Udjo Ngalagena developed a game technique based on the pelog and salendro barrels. In 1938, Daeng Soetigna created angklung based on diatonic scales, instead of using traditional pélog or saléndro scales. Angklung has been used for educational and entertainment purposes, and can even be played together with Western musical instruments in the orchestra. Since then, the popularity of this instrument has increased. Education also play important role in building a cultural society. Education is the basic need of human. Without education humanity is not possible, therefore almost all the cultures gives importance to education and they possess only education for their success. Then, his student Daeng Soetisna, named Udjo Ngalagena continue to preserve his teacher's findings by establishing Saung Angklung Udjo in Bandung. Udjo Ngalagena, known as a figure who developed the angklung technique, teaches people how to play angklung.  He also built Saung Angklung Udjo in Bandung so that more people would know the history of angklung and its intricacies.  Now Saung Angklung Udjo is one of the tourist attractions in Bandung where every visitor can see for themselves the process of making an angklung to the stage action that is staged every week.

Daeng Soetigna first transform Indonesian Angklung from traditional pentatonic tone scale, become "Diantonis" "Kromatis" Tone Scale. The function of the Angklung is for education and enterntainment purposes. The development Daeng Soetigna Angklung in the late 60’s, have two different effect. In one side, it increase the apresiation of people on angklung. But in other hand, it slowly reduce the growth of traditional angklung. Udjo Ngalagena developed new style of pentatonic traditional angklung and also develop a new tone scale in angklung called madenda. It enrich the traditional tone scale. Nowadays, Sundanese Angklung tone scale not only played in pelog and salendro, but also in madenda. Udjo’s inovation on traditional angklung, become one of the solution in preserving the traditional Sundanesse Angklung.

Angklung has attracted a lot of attention in the international world. In 1955, Asian-African conference located in Bandung made an orchestra Angklung performance. Udjo Ngalagena, a student of Daeng Soetigna, then opened the "Saung Angklung" (Angklung House) in 1966 as a center for Angklung development. In 2008 there were 11.000 angklung players in Jakarta and 5.000 angklung players in Washington DC and broke the latest record at that time. Since November 2010, UNESCO has recorded angklung as the Great Work of Cultural Heritage. At the April 2015 Asia-Africa Conference (KAA), 20.704 people gathered together at the Siliwangi Stadium in Bandung to play the songs "I Will Survive" and "We Are The World" using angklung instruments. 4.117 of them are children with special needs. Angklung history has changed from what was previously only played in the Sunda area now the whole world is familiar with angklung music.

As for my statement, Angklung is a cultural wolrd heritage that must be preserved, especially by Indonesian people themselves. Angklung must be protected and known because nowadays culture rarely recognized by the younger generation. We can protect the heritage from our ancestor in some many ways. Learn the culture, whether it's just to know or can also participate in practising it in our lives. Teaching that culture to the next generation so that culture is not destroyed and can still survive. Love your own culture without degrading and harassing other people’s culture. We should be preserved it and introduce it to the young generation so that the heritage won't be extinct.

Name: Gilang Rizky Rachmatulloh

NIM: 1830911027

Mid test Causes and Effects of Culture Essay (Alvine Labana R.)

The Existence of Wayang Golek

           Indonesia has a rich history of puppetery that popular since a long time ago. One of the most famous puppet show in Indonesia is Wayang Golek. Wayang Golek is a traditional puppet show from west java. A wooden puppet that look like human is played by a person called Dalang(Puppeteer). In order to make the show more interesting, there is also people who play music instrument. The story of the show is about the history of pewayangan. Wayang Golek show usually took place on special events like weddings, religious ceremonies, and cultural days. In 1583, Sunan Kudus created this puppet show as a media to spread Islamic religion in Java. Even though Wayang golek is an ancient puppet show, it still exist until these days. There are several reasons why Wayang golek Wayang Golek still exist until these days.

            Enjoyable Show, West Javanese people love Wayang Golek because it is enjoyable and entertaining. Dalang will give their best to entertain the audience. Dalang is a multi-tasking job, their job is not only to play the puppet, but they also played as the director, narrator, scriptwriter, and voice actor. So, Dalang is the key of the Wayang Golek show. Although the show was ran from the night until dawn came, some of the audience will stay until the show is finished. The reason why the audience will stay until  the show finish is the interesting story about History of pewayangan like mahabrata and ramayana, Islamic story, folklore, history of java, etc. Funny jokes, that will make everyone laugh but have a moral value on it. Legendary characters, that everyone love like Cepot, Gareng, Arjuna, etc. There also a beautiful music that play along the show, the singer in this show is called sinden that accompanied by a group of people who played the traditional instrument like Gamelan, Kendang, Goong, Rebab. Every element of the show is an important thing to make the show enjoyable. Wayang Golek show is always watched by so many people at the special event, people always excited to watch the show. The people didn’t mind about distance, they will come after heard there was a Wayang Golek show that held in a place. Since it was very enjoyable, Wayang Golek is a good option for everyone who need enlighment and relaxing themselves after a tiring daily life.

            Educational show, beside it was enjoyable, Wayang golek also known as an educational show that contain so many lessons. Back then, Wayang Golek used as a media to spread Islamic religion. As the time goes by, Wayang Golek is not only known as a media to spread Islamic religion, but also known as an educational show that told us about moral value of life, history, ethics, culture and another things. Every Wayang Golek show has a message that lead us to do a good things like stay away from prohibited things by religion, help the others, respect the elder, and many more. So many things we can learn from the show, because the Dalang presented a good examples about life’s problem, religion, human’s characteristic and many things with the puppets. Everyone in the stage wear a traditional clothes to introduce the culture of west java. It show us how important the culture as well. Wayang Golek is a good media to educate people while entertain them. 

            Passed from generation to generation, from the day that Wayang Golek born until these days. Sunan Kudus created the three dimensional rod puppet that look like a human being in 1583. He created over seventy dolls when he is alive. This three dimensional doll created as an alternate to Wayang that can’t enacted during the days. It doesn’t need a light to show the shadow like Wayang does. Sunan Kudus introduce this puppet show to Cirebon’s people and they like it. Wayang Golek became popular in Cirebon and then west java. Sunan kudus’ descendant continue his legacy to the next generation. After centuries, Wayang Golek has several changes on its shape during the journey. Every Dalang keep passing this legendary puppet show in order to keep its existence. In the modern era, Asep Sunandar Sunarya is the most famous dalang in Wayang Golek. He known as the maestro of Wayang Golek, because he achieved so many reward on his career. Cepot is his most popular and the most loved puppet that he ever made. Asep Sunandar Sunarya succeeds in motivating youth generation to be a Dalang, because of that he has so many apprentices. Asep Sunandar Sunarya’s apprentices continue his legacy even after he’s gone.

            Following the era, Wayang Golek adapt to the era in order to keep its existence and attract the young generation. Back then, Wayang golek take place on special events and everyone who want to watch the show need to come to a place. In the modern era, Wayang Golek didn’t have to be held on special events or special days. We can even enjoy Wayang Golek everyday, because nowadays it used the technology. Wayang Golek appeared on the television, radio and the internet. Even though the Wayang Golek show in the television only took about one or two hours, it still interesting. Wayang Golek show in the radio is also interesting. We can do our activities while listen to the show in the radio. And we can even find a lot of information about Wayang Golek on the internet and watch the show in a video platform such as Youtube or Metube. We don’t have to come to a distant place anymore, thanks to the technology. Of course the fanatic fans will always choose to attend the live Wayang Golek show, even though it was really far from their houses.

            As shown in the essay, we can see that Wayang Golek is a great puppet show that exist for more than four centuries. This enjoyable puppet show that has education on it succeds make their name in west java. Generation from generation, there are more than hundreds Dalang that ever live. The chain that connected every generation has never been broken. The people who interested in Wayang Golek still exist until these days, because of that we have to appreciate and know more about our it. Introduce the culture to the young generation is the best way to keep the culture’s existence. The young generation have to know that Wayang Golek is a great legendary puppet show that popular for more than four centuries.

Nama : Alvine Labana R.

NIM : 1830911039

Revisi I

=======================================================================

The Existence of Wayang Golek 

           Indonesia has a rich history of puppetery, that popular since a long time ago. One of the most famous puppet show in Indonesia is Wayang Golek. Wayang Golek is traditional puppet show from west java. A wooden puppet that look like human is played by a person called Dalang. Dalang is a multi-tasking job, their job is not only to play the puppet, but they also played as the director, narrator, scriptwriter, and voice actor. In order to make the show more interesting, there is also people who play music instrument. The story of the show is about the history of pewayangan. Wayang Golek show usually take place on special events like weddings, religious ceremonies, and cultural days. In 1583, Sunan Kudus created this puppet show as a media to spread Islamic religion in Java. Even though Wayang golek is an ancient puppet show, it still exist until these days. There are several reasons why Wayang golek Wayang Golek still exist until these days.

            Enjoyable Show, West Javanese people love wayang because it is enjoyable and entertaining. Although the show was ran from the night until dawn came, some of the audience will stay until the show is finished. The reason why the audience will stay until  the show finish is the interesting story about History of pewayangan like mahabrata and ramayana, Islamic story, folklore, history of java, etc. Funny jokes, that will make everyone laugh but have a moral value in it. Legendary characters, that everyone love like Cepot, Gareng, Arjuna, etc. There also a beautiful music that play along the show, the singer in this show is called sinden that accompanied by a group of people who played the traditional instrument like Gamelan, Kendang, Goong, Rebab.  Wayang Golek show is always watched by so many people at the special event, people always excited to watch the show. The people didn’t mind about distance, they will come after heard there was a Wayang Golek show that held in a place. Since it was very enjoyable, Wayang Golek is a good option for everyone who need enlighment and relaxing themselves after a tiring daily life.

            Educational show, beside it was enjoyable, Wayang golek also known as an educational show that contain so many lessons. Back then, Wayang Golek used as a media to spread Islamic religion. As the time goes by, Wayang Golek is not only known as a media to spread Islamic religion, but also known as an educational show that told us about life, history, ethics, culture and another things. Every Wayang Golek show has a message that lead us to do a good things like stay away from prohibited things by religion, help the others, respect the elder, and many more. So many things we can learn from the show, because the Dalang presented a good examples about life’s problem, religion, human’s characteristic and many things with the puppets. Everyone in the stage wear a traditional clothes to introduce the culture of west java. It show us how important the culture as well. Wayang Golek is a good media to educate people while entertain them.  

            Passed from generation to generation, from the day that Wayang Golek born until these days. Sunan Kudus created the three dimensional rod puppet that look like a human being in 1583. He created over seventy dolls when he is alive. This three dimensional doll created as an alternate to Wayang that can’t enacted during the days. It doesn’t need a light to show the shadow like Wayang does. Sunan Kudus introduce this puppet show to Cirebon’s people and they like it. Wayang Golek became popular in Cirebon and then west java. Sunan kudus’ descendant continue his legacy to the next generation. After centuries, Wayang Golek has several changes on its shape during the journey. Every Dalang keep pass this legendary puppet show in order to keep its existence. In the modern era, Asep Sunandar Sunarya is the most famous dalang in Wayang Golek. He known as the maestro of Wayang Golek, because he achieved so many reward on his career. Cepot is his most popular puppet that he ever made. Asep Sunandar Sunarya succeeds in motivating youth generation to be a Dalang, because of that he has so many apprentices. Asep Sunandar Sunarya’s apprentices continue his legacy even after he gone.

            Following the era, Wayang Golek adapt to the era in order to keep its existence and attract the young generation. Back then, Wayang golek take place on special events and everyone who want to watch the show need to come to a place. In the modern era, Wayang Golek didn’t have to be held on special events or special days. We can even enjoy Wayang Golek everyday, because nowadays it used the technology. Wayang Golek appeared on the television, radio and the internet. Even though the Wayang Golek show in the television only took about one or two hours, it still interesting. Wayang Golek show in the radio is also interesting. We can do our activities while listen to the show in the radio. And we can find a lot of information about Wayang Golek in the internet and watch the show in a video platform such as Youtube or Metube. We don’t have to come to a distant place anymore, thanks to the technology. Of course the fanatic fans will always choose to attend the live Wayang Golek show, although it was far.

            As shown in the essay, we can see that Wayang Golek is a great puppet show that exist for more than four centuries. This enjoyable puppet show that has education on it succeds make their name in west java. Generation from generation, there are more than hundreds Dalang that ever live. The chain that connected every generation has never been broken.  The people who interested in Wayang Golek still exist until these days, because of that we have to appreciate and know more about our it. Introduce the culture to the young generation is the best way to keep the culture’s existence. The young generation have to know that Wayang Golek is a great legendary puppet show that popular for more than four centuries.

Nama : Alvine Labana R.

NIM : 1830911039

The Existence of Jaipong Among the Young Generation

The Existence of Jaipong Among Young Generation
Indonesia is one of the country who have a lot of culture, deserve language, culinary, outfit, and the traditional arts. One of the famous traditional arts in Indonesia is Jaipongan also known jaipong. Jaipong is a popular traditional dance of Sundanese people in West Java, most Indonesian also known what is Jaipong, because Jaipong is very often performed in informal or formal event. Jaipong dance was created by Sundanese artists from Bandung and Karawang, they are Gugum Gumbira and Haji Suanda. Gugum Gumbira is very concerned with traditional arts like dance Ketuk Tilu, he is very familiar with tradisional dance motion of traditional dance. The first Jaipong by Gugum Gumilar showing was the “Daun Pulus. Jaipong dance became known in 1970. Jaipong dance has become on of the icons of West Java, and is often exhibited to entertain the foreign who come to West Java. At the begining of its appearance this dance become a subject of debate and get attentions from the media. This because of the motion that where considered erotic and vulgar, but thats make Jaipong more popular and the performances has also increased. Jaipong dance also inspired people to be more active in exploring the folk dances and traditional artis people opened courses to learn Jaipong. Jaipong dance is even famous in abroad, many foreign interested and want to learn this dance, but what about the existence Jaipong to young generation in Indonesia? Their interested has declined day by day.
A sense of pride and care for the culture is less embedded in Indonesia’s young generation. Their interest in learning their own culture is lacking. They are more interested in learning modern cultures. The entry of modern culture into Indonesia has both good and bad effects. The bad effects has an effect on the concern of the young generation towards their own culture. The young generation prefers modern dance and k-pop, they thing traditional dances are the old dances, tacky, and not appropriate in this era. They prefer to learn modern dance and korean dance rather learn Jaipong dance. Besides the entry of modern culture and k-pop, the parents and subjects in school be a big influence for the young generation about their concern for their own culture. The young generation should be able to maintain the traditional dance like Jaipong, because this is the icon of their country and must be preserved.
The existence Jaipong has declined, even the young children may not know about Jaipong. Jaipong is rarely performed because nobody enjoyed it anymore. Jaipong usually performed to be the opening of wedding ceremony, but know people prefer to use saxophone to open the wedding ceremony. Jaipong or other traditional culture not very was introduced in school. If this keeps happen Jaipong will really disappear, might be taken over by foreign, because they enthusiasm for Jaipong is higher than Indonesian. Indonesia will lose their iconic traditional dance. The culture that used to be priceless, now just become a culture that has no value in the society. Existing culture such as traditional culture will be displaced even will be replaced be modern culture. People will rely more on the new culture and leave the traditonal culture because it is considered an ancient culture and should be left behind.
Jaipong did become controversial because it was considered too vulgar, but Jaipong is still the original culture that must be preserved by us as a young generation. At present or in the future the responsibility to develop and preserve the ancenstral heritage done by us as the young generation, so that the arts and culture not lost or destroyed in this era. Jaipong can raise a sense of nationalism and patriotism in the next young generation so that the sense of love for the richness of Indonesia's traditional cultural arts is well maintained. Jaipong as a characteristic or differentiator of traditional dances from other regions, so that anyone can find out from which region or province the dance is only by seeing the dance and listening to the music. Jaipong is preserved as a dance that has high artistic value in foreign countries in order to introduce diverse cultural diversity and rich in traditions that are not easily destroyed by dances from western culture to show the younger generation that traditional jaipongan dances are cultural wealth that is very unique and not possessed by other nations. Jaipong show to Sundanese artists to keep the jaipong art as the identity of a dance that can convey certain messages in it.
Many generations prefer modern culture, but many of them still like traditional jaipong culture. Much way can be done to preserve the jaipong culture. Introducing more culture in schools is also a way for young people to get information about their own culture. Parents also play an important role in providing information about traditional culture.
Invites young generation to watch traditional cultural performances so that they feel interested. The young generation who currently like modern culture can become a new innovation by collaborating jaipong with modern dance. This method can attract the interest of young people to participate in preserving jaipong. The development factor of the age, the presence of young choreographers as well as the connoisseurs of the jaipong dance itself can help preserve the jaipong in order to continue to exist in this modern era. Dance performance clothing has an important role in the performance,
because fashion can reveal the identity of a dance and can be one factor to attract attention, then the dancer's dress also has to keep up with the times but still highlight the traditional side. holding dance competitions between national schools, with rewards if they win the competition, the child will love their culture more.
dance artists can establish a studio as a container for the preservation of traditional dance for local residents, thereby arousing the interest of young people to learn traditional dance. All the efforts made to preserve the original culture and also appreciate the efforts of the ancestors who created the culture. Maintaining the identity of Jaipong as an icon of West Java, Indonesia. as a young generation we must continue to strive because we are the successors of all cultures in Indonesia.

Jessyifa Fadillah
1830911002

========================================================================
Revisi I

The Existence of Jaipong Among Young Generation

            Indonesia is one of the country who have a lot of culture, deserve language, culinary, outfit, and the traditional arts. One of the famous traditional arts in Indonesia is Jaipongan also known jaipong. Jaipong is a popular traditional dance of Sundanese people in West Java, most Indonesian also known what is Jaipong. Jaipong is very often performed in informal or formal event. Jaipong dance was created by Sundanese artists from Bandung and Karawang, they are Gugum Gumbira and Haji Suanda. Gugum Gumbira is very concerned with traditional arts like dance Ketuk Tilu, he is very familiar with tradisional dance motion of traditional dance. The first Jaipong by Gugum Gumilar showing was the “Daun Pulus. Jaipong dance became known in 1970. Jaipong dance has become on of the icons of West Java, and is often exhibited to entertain the foreign who come to West Java. At the begining of its appearance this dance become a subject of debate and get attentions from the media. This because of the motion that where considered erotic and vulgar, but thats make Jaipong more popular and the performances has also increased. Jaipong dance also inspired people to be more active in exploring the folk dances and traditional artis people opened courses to learn Jaipong. Jaipong dance is even famous in abroad, many foreign interested and want to learn this dance, but what about the existence Jaipong to young generation in Indonesia? Their interested has declined day by day.

            A sense of pride and care for the culture is less embedded in Indonesia’s young generation. Their interest in learning their own culture is lacking. They are more interested in learning modern cultures. The entry of modern culture into Indonesia has both good and bad effects. The bad effects has an effect on the concern of the young generation towards their own culture. The young generation prefers modern dance and k-pop, they thing traditional dances are the old dances, tacky, and not appropriate in this era. They prefer to learn modern dance and korean dance rather learn Jaipong dance. Besides the entry of modern culture and k-pop, the parents and subjects in school be a big influence for the young generation about their concern for their own culture. The young generation should be able to maintain the traditional dance like Jaipong, because this is the icon of their country and must be preserved.

            The existence Jaipong has declined, even the young children may not know about Jaipong. Jaipong is rarely performed because nobody enjoyed it anymore. Jaipong usually performed to be the opening of wedding ceremony, but know people prefer to use saxophone to open the wedding ceremony. Jaipong or other traditional culture not very was introduced in school. If this keeps happen Jaipong will really disappear, might be taken over by foreign, because they enthusiasm for Jaipong is higher than Indonesian. Indonesia will lose their iconic traditional dance. The culture that used to be priceless, now just become a culture that has no value in the society. Existing culture such as traditional culture will be displaced even will be replaced be modern culture. People will rely more on the new culture and leave the traditonal culture because it is considered an ancient culture and should be left behind.

 Jaipong did become controversial because it was considered too vulgar, but Jaipong is still the original culture that must be preserved by us as a young generation. At present or in the future the responsibility to develop and preserve the ancenstral heritage done by us as the young generation, so that the arts and culture not lost or destroyed in this era. Jaipong can raise a sense of nationalism and patriotism in the next young generation so that the sense of love for the richness of Indonesia's traditional cultural arts is well maintained. Jaipong as a characteristic or differentiator of traditional dances from other regions, so that anyone can find out from which region or province the dance is only by seeing the dance and listening to the music. Jaipong is preserved as a dance that has high artistic value in foreign countries in order to introduce diverse cultural diversity and rich in traditions that are not easily destroyed by dances from western culture to show the younger generation that traditional jaipongan dances are cultural wealth that is very unique and not possessed by other nations. Jaipong show to Sundanese artists to keep the jaipong art as the identity of a dance that can convey certain messages in it.

            Many generations prefer modern culture, but many of them still like traditional jaipong culture. Much way can be done to preserve the jaipong culture. Introducing more culture in schools is also a way for young people to get information about their own culture. Parents also play an important role in providing information about traditional culture.

Invites young generation to watch traditional cultural performances so that they feel interested. The young generation who currently like modern culture can become a new innovation by collaborating jaipong with modern dance. This method can attract the interest of young people to participate in preserving jaipong. The development factor of the age, the presence of young choreographers as well as the connoisseurs of the jaipong dance itself can help preserve the jaipong in order to continue to exist in this modern era. Dance performance clothing has an important role in the performance,because fashion can reveal the identity of a dance and can be one factor to attract attention, then the dancer's dress also has to keep up with the times but still highlight the traditional side. holding dance competitions between national schools, with rewards if they win the competition, the child will love their culture more. Dance artists can establish a studio as a container for the preservation of traditional dance for local residents, thereby arousing the interest of young people to learn traditional dance. All the efforts made to preserve the original culture and also appreciate the efforts of the ancestors who created the culture. Maintaining the identity of Jaipong as an icon of West Java, Indonesia. as a young generation we must continue to strive because we are the successors of all cultures in Indonesia.

The Cause and Effect of Culture (mid test)

Culture is a wealth for our nation Indonesia, because our nation has many tribes that spread across each island. But do you know how culture can be formed or what effects can be caused by the culture that we have or foreign cultures that enter the country.

Culture is defined as all human knowledge as social creatures that are used to understand and interpret their environment and experiences and become the basis for their behavior. Culture consists of a set of values or norms that contain prohibitions on taking action in dealing with the social, cultural, and natural environment.

Culture contains a series of concepts and models of knowledge about various actions and behaviors that must be carried out by cultural actors in dealing with the social, cultural, and nature. Culture, which is something that can not be separated from human beings, so that many people also consider it as inherited genetically. The emergence of culture is also influenced by several factors like 

Habitation: where a person lives, influences the culture they live in, for example someone who lives in the coastal area of his life cannot possibly find tea because it is not in accordance with his place of residence

External influences: these outside influences are unlimited. For example, for the area of Central Java affected by East Java. Or when an area has many people from overseas. Not only between regions, however, this outside influence also includes the influence of foreign nations

Climate: climate also affects the culture that is lived by the community. The temperature of the environment can also determine what we do. For example, for people who live in Europe, the air is cold, so they need something that can warm their bodies, one of them by drinking alcohol. Whereas in tropical countries it is rarely done, because countries with tropical climates the air is not too cold and sometimes not so hot, so it does not need alcohol for consumption.

Ancestry inheritance: a derivative of this ancestor, or can say a kind of tradition handed down to each member of his family. For example, different regional languages. This is because the descendants of our previous ancestors. They communicate using these languages so that from generation to generation the languages used differ, although usually the level of viscosity of the local language decreases.

Mobilization: this mobilization can create a new culture. For example there is East Javanese who lives in Jakarta. So that what is in Javanese people is combined with what is in Jakarta, so that a new culture is formed (acculturation occurs).

Distance and Environment: when different distances and environments occur, cultural differences occur. For example the culture in Sumatra is different from the culture in Java. Even this can also happen in the same house.

Religion: religion also influences culture. For example, in Bali most of them are Hindus, while in Medan many are Christians. The rituals and religious ceremonies performed in each of these regions are different, and this is because it is influenced by religious differences.

There are two main factors that influence the form of cultural change, namely internal factors or external factors. Internal factors include discovery, invention, and innovation .while external factors include acculturation, assimilation, and invasion.

Internal Factors
Discovery is one element of culture, whether in the form of a new tool, or even in the form of a new idea created by an individual. Or it could also be said as a series of creations from individuals in the society concerned. Examples of new discoveries for discovery factors for example; cars, motorbikes, cellphones, tablets and so on.

Invention is the recognition, acceptance and application of a society of the new invention. This is because to prove that an individual has found something new requires not only one individual or inventor / creator, but there must be a series of creators or inventors of the new thing.

Innovation occurs when new discoveries, the existence of a motivator or motivation that causes individuals to look for new discoveries are: Awareness of deficiencies in culture, The quality of experts in a culture, and Incentive for new creations.

External Factors
Acculturation is about social processes that arise when a group of people with a certain culture is confronted with the elements of a foreign culture that will gradually be accepted and processed into their own culture without losing the personality of the culture itself.

Assimilation is a process that arises when groups of people with different cultural backgrounds interact intensely and directly with each other intensively and continuously over a long period of time so that the cultures of the groups mentioned earlier, each changes their unique nature and also their respective elements. culture changes its form into mixed cultural elements.

Invasion is an attack from one country or nation to another country or nation that aims to occupy the territory of another nation or country with the intention of carrying out the occupation of the conquered nation by eliminating or minimizing the native culture of a nation

Culture influences human decision making in consumption behavior. The development of the industry due to technology makes the company mass-produce its goods in a relatively cheap manner. This also influences the change in human culture, which at first was an agrarian society, gradually turned into an urban society. As a result, new values and life patterns are created as a result of human culture that has become an urban society. This causes the needs of their lives to be more and more, thus making them continue to buy products to satisfy the needs of the new culture. Eventually a consumptive society is formed, that is, a society that always consumes goods and services.

Moreover, culture influences the fabric of social life. This growing technology affects the order of human life. Humans are accustomed to using sophisticated technologies that have been created. As a result, human culture that used to live simply, has now become very sophisticated. This cultural change creates a modern society, which is a society that lives surrounded by technology

Culture has several effects in life and here are some of the effects of culture. First positive impact from culture, culture can be an asset of the country's economy, increase foreign exchange, can make things more advanced, increasing new cultures. 

Besides having a positive impact, culture also has some negative impacts that can be caused such as culture becomes mixed and unclear, an ethnic culture change, will cause chaos between new and old cultures, and cultural displacementisplacement

After we know what culture is, the causes of culture, and what effects are caused by culture, hopefully we can be wise in culturing, preserving, and sorting it out. because if we don't turn on the culture then who else will do it.

M. Ridhon A.

Structure assignment/Jessyifa Fadillah

Structure assignment

Alvine Labana R. 

Type of Friends

Humans are social beings who need other people to live.  Besides family, the existence of friends is very important for humans because friends are one of the factors that influence one's growth and development.  Of course everyone wants to have good friends to have a good influence, but we don't know what kind of friends are good.  So as not to be mistaken in choosing friends here are some categories of friends.

first there are ordinary friends, ordinary friends are people who used to interact and know us everyday.  they are usually people in the environment around us like at school, at home, or at the playground.  they will help us if necessary, but the emotional closeness is not very strong.  the number of ordinary friends is usually a lot

Second is a best friend, a best friend is someone who knows about his or her friend well and accepts their shortcomings without feeling strange. A best friend will usually help their friend with sincerity and have a very strong emotional bond.

A best friend will also remind their friend if they make a mistake and ask them to do good, the number of best friends is usually not much because best friends are some people who can be trusted.  Make sure you have at least one best friend.

And the last is a fake friend.  Fake friends, those who are close to us with a specific purpose only take advantage without caring about their friends.  Fake friends are usually tucked between ordinary friends and it is not difficult to distinguish them because they will only be there when we are happy but disappear when we are distressed. Be careful with this type of friend.

After we know several types of friends now we can sort and choose the best.  We don't need many friends, just a few as long as you can trust and remind each other.

Muhammad Ridhon Ahludzikri

Tips to be success

Topic: successful people
Thesis statement: become success people in business with 5 tips

Success is the ability to live your life you want, do what you enjoyed, surrounded by people you love and respect. Success is a goals for all people, everyone want to be successful person and to be success of course not easy. Many challenges must be passed, many people surrender when get challenges.  There is 5 tips to make you as successful people.

First tips is focus. Focus on what you want, convince yourself what you really want, then you can find the motivation that will cheer you up.

Second tips is seek knowledge and do research, this is very important you must learn what you will persevere. do research to find out what consumers like and be trending right now, the results become inspiration what business you want.

Third tips is plan. This is very important too, because you have to planing all things you want to do that help what you planned will go on as you want. You will work more regularly.

Fourth tips is enjoy, there’s a big change it will start carrying a heavy emotional weight and you will lose perspective and become stuck again, but you must be enjoy the process, you have to enjoy your work, and will enjoy the results.

Fifth tips is be friends with someone who knows more than you, this is can help you to find relation, invocation, motivation, suggestions who can help your business.

the biggest stars, richest businesspeople or the most accomplished athletes get lost sometimes. What makes them motivated is the curiosity about how much better or faster they can get. So above all, be curious, and this will lead you to your goals and success just enjoy the process.

Jessyifa Fadilah

1830911002

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Revisi I

The Tips to Be Successful Person

Success is the ability to live your life you want, do what you enjoyed, surrounded by people you love and respect. Most people think success is when you become someone with a position, have everything or when they feel better than others. The meaning of success is not like that. Success is not an end but about a process. The process we do step by step. Success is also not about matter. Success is a goals for all people, everyone want to be successful person and to be success of course not easy. For struggel the process many challenges must be passed, many people surrender when get challenges.  There is 5 tips to make you as successful people.

The first tips is focus. Focus is concentration on an object without adding anything else that can reduce or reduce concentration. In achieving success we must focus. Focus on our goals without adding anything else. Don't be easily distracted by other things. Focus on what you want, convince yourself what you really want, then you can find the motivation that will cheer you up.

Second tips is seek knowledge and do research, this is very important. You have to learn a lot, ask questions and understand everything you want to do to make you a successful person. You also have to do research. This knowledge and research cannot be separated. After you understand everything you can conclude and take lessons. You will not only be a successful person but also be useful for others.

Third tips is plan. This is very important too, because everything you want to do definitely needs preparation. Your preparations must be well planned. Arrange all the plans that you will do regularly. After your knowledge and research you will have an idea for your planning. You will work more organized and more focused after everything is arranged.

Fourth tips is enjoy. Enjoying is a difficult thing, because in achieving success you will definitely feel tired, want to give up, no longer able, and insecure. There’s a big change it will start carrying a heavy emotional weight and you will lose perspective and become stuck again, but you must be enjoy the process, you have to enjoy your work, and will enjoy the results.

Fifth tips is be friends with someone who knows more than you, this is can help you to find relation, information, motivation, suggestions who can help you. Having a relationship will make it easier for you to pursue something. For example, if you want to be successful in business, you must have good business relationships so that the business you run runs successfully. By having a relationship you can also dig up important information from it. Information that you can take as a lesson. Good relations can make you motivated. You can make it your role model. Good relations will also give you good suggestions. These suggestions you can take as a lesson.

The biggest stars, richest businesspeople or the most accomplished athletes get lost sometimes. Trials will surely happen and we will definitely get through it. What makes them motivated is the curiosity about how much better or faster they can get. Stay focused with what you want. Make the trials that you experience as a lesson. Learn a lot to increase your knowledge. So above all, be curious, and this will lead you to your goals and success just enjoy the process.

Jessyifa Fadillah

1830911002